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        <h1 class="title">课程表爬虫-已弃坑</h1>
        <div class="stuff">
            <span>十月 29, 2020</span>
            
  <ul class="post-tags-list" itemprop="keywords"><li class="post-tags-list-item"><a class="post-tags-list-link" href="/tags/Python/" rel="tag">Python</a></li><li class="post-tags-list-item"><a class="post-tags-list-link" href="/tags/%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB/" rel="tag">爬虫</a></li></ul>


        </div>
        <div class="content markdown">
            <h3 id="目录"><a href="#目录" class="headerlink" title="目录"></a>目录</h3><ol>
<li><strong>总体思路</strong></li>
<li><strong>网站分析</strong><ol>
<li><strong>登录web系统</strong></li>
<li><strong>登录教务系统</strong></li>
<li><strong>获取课表</strong></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><strong>开始写代码</strong></li>
</ol>
<h2 id="1-总体思路"><a href="#1-总体思路" class="headerlink" title="1.总体思路"></a>1.总体思路</h2><p>由于查合工大课表需要连接校园网，要实现随时随地爬取课表需要借助学校提供的web***系统。</p>
<p>因此这个爬虫需要两次模拟登录。</p>
<p>第一次是登录<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://webvpn.hfut.edu.cn/login">web***</a></p>
<p><img src="https://tc.skyone.host/blog/post/%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E8%A1%A8%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB-%E6%9C%AA%E5%AE%8C%E5%BE%85%E7%BB%AD/web1.png" alt="web1"></p>
<p>第二次是通过web***打开教务系统学生端</p>
<p><img src="https://tc.skyone.host/blog/post/%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E8%A1%A8%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB-%E6%9C%AA%E5%AE%8C%E5%BE%85%E7%BB%AD/web2.png" alt="web2"></p>
<h2 id="2-网站分析"><a href="#2-网站分析" class="headerlink" title="2.网站分析"></a>2.网站分析</h2><h3 id="登录web系统"><a href="#登录web系统" class="headerlink" title="登录web系统"></a>登录web系统</h3><p>首先用浏览器抓包</p>
<p><img src="https://tc.skyone.host/blog/post/%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E8%A1%A8%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB-%E6%9C%AA%E5%AE%8C%E5%BE%85%E7%BB%AD/s1.png" alt="s1"></p>
<p>do-login是一个post请求，data段很简单，用户名和密码都没有加密，但在此之前需要先获取一个captcha_id，直接请求就行了</p>
<p>后面的info是一个get请求，很明显用于获取信息，禁止JavaScript再打开网页，果然，这个网页是JavaScript动态加载的，info就是用于获取信息，还是不放心？再翻一翻JavaScript，很容易就找到了这个</p>
<p><img src="https://tc.skyone.host/blog/post/%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E8%A1%A8%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB-%E6%9C%AA%E5%AE%8C%E5%BE%85%E7%BB%AD/s2.png" alt="s2"></p>
<p>这下没错了，由于教务系统网址每次都不一样，我们想要通过web***打开它只能通过发送一个叫</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">info?_&#x3D;xxxxxxxx</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> 的get请求获取网址，等于号后面一眼就能看出来是<strong>时间戳</strong></p>
<h3 id="登录教务系统"><a href="#登录教务系统" class="headerlink" title="登录教务系统"></a>登录教务系统</h3><p>由于web***系统暂时抽风，先连校园网测试</p>
<p>依然先抓包</p>
<p><img src="https://tc.skyone.host/blog/post/%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E8%A1%A8%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB-%E6%9C%AA%E5%AE%8C%E5%BE%85%E7%BB%AD/j1.png" alt="j1"></p>
<p>这就有点意思了，先get了一个login-salt，再post登录用的login，而且login的数据段的密码加密了！</p>
<p><img src="https://tc.skyone.host/blog/post/%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E8%A1%A8%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB-%E6%9C%AA%E5%AE%8C%E5%BE%85%E7%BB%AD/j2.png" alt="j2"></p>
<p>只能调试JavaScript了。。。</p>
<p>经过一番寻找，终于在</p>
<p><img src="https://tc.skyone.host/blog/post/%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E8%A1%A8%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB-%E6%9C%AA%E5%AE%8C%E5%BE%85%E7%BB%AD/j3.png" alt="j3"></p>
<p>找到了加密方式：先get一个”盐“，连到密码前面，再用SHA1算法加密</p>
<p>其实也不算复复杂，毕竟python自带所有hash算法(在hashlib)里，就算没有，也可以把Google的sha1.js复制过来用python调用</p>
<h3 id="获取课表"><a href="#获取课表" class="headerlink" title="获取课表"></a>获取课表</h3><p>抓包抓包~~~</p>
<p>发现两个特别的请求：</p>
<p><img src="https://tc.skyone.host/blog/post/%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E8%A1%A8%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB-%E6%9C%AA%E5%AE%8C%E5%BE%85%E7%BB%AD/get1.png" alt="get1"></p>
<p><img src="https://tc.skyone.host/blog/post/%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E8%A1%A8%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB-%E6%9C%AA%E5%AE%8C%E5%BE%85%E7%BB%AD/get2.png" alt="get"></p>
<p>第一个用于获取加载网页的js，第二个是json信息</p>
<p>我们只需要那个json信息，直接分析并打开网址即可</p>
<p>打开网页，抓包</p>
<p><img src="https://tc.skyone.host/blog/post/%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E8%A1%A8%E7%88%AC%E8%99%AB-%E6%9C%AA%E5%AE%8C%E5%BE%85%E7%BB%AD/get3.png" alt="get3"></p>
<p>很简单，看来上面那个网页不用请求，直接获取这个get-data即可，参数就是时间</p>
<p>至此，分析完成</p>
<h2 id="3-开始写代码"><a href="#3-开始写代码" class="headerlink" title="3.开始写代码"></a>3.开始写代码</h2><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># -*- coding:utf-8 -*-</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> requests</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> lxml <span class="keyword">import</span> html</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> time</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> hashlib</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">normal_headers = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;User-Agent&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) &quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">                   <span class="string">r&quot;Chrome/86.0.4240.111 Safari/537.36 Edg/86.0.622.56 &quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">VPN1_headers = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Accept&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&#x27;*/*&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Accept-Encoding&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;gzip, deflate, br&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Content-Type&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;User-Agent&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) &quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">                   <span class="string">r&quot;Chrome/86.0.4240.111 Safari/537.36 Edg/86.0.622.56 &quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Cookie&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;show_vpn=1; wengine_vpn_ticketwebvpn_hfut_edu_cn=783a9268eeff4127; remember_token=&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Host&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;webvpn.hfut.edu.cn&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Origin&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;https://webvpn.hfut.edu.cn&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Referer&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;https://webvpn.hfut.edu.cn/login&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Sec-Fetch-Dest&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;empty&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Sec-Fetch-Mode&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;cors&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Sec-Fetch-Site&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;same-origin&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;X-Requested-With&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;XMLHttpRequest&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">VPN2_headers = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Accept&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">               <span class="string">r&quot;application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Accept-Encoding&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;gzip, deflate, br&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;User-Agent&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) &quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">                   <span class="string">r&quot;Chrome/86.0.4240.111 Safari/537.36 Edg/86.0.622.56 &quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Cookie&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;show_vpn=1; wengine_vpn_ticketwebvpn_hfut_edu_cn=783a9268eeff4127; remember_token=&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Host&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;webvpn.hfut.edu.cn&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Referer&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;https://webvpn.hfut.edu.cn/login&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Sec-Fetch-Dest&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;document&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Sec-Fetch-Mode&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;navigate&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Sec-Fetch-Site&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;same-origin&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Sec-Fetch-User&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;?1&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Upgrade-Insecure-Requests&quot;</span>: <span class="string">&quot;1&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">VPN3_headers = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Accept&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&#x27;application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Accept-Encoding&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;gzip, deflate, br&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;User-Agent&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) &quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">                   <span class="string">r&quot;Chrome/86.0.4240.111 Safari/537.36 Edg/86.0.622.56 &quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Cookie&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;show_vpn=1; wengine_vpn_ticketwebvpn_hfut_edu_cn=783a9268eeff4127; remember_token=&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Host&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;webvpn.hfut.edu.cn&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Referer&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;https://webvpn.hfut.edu.cn/&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Sec-Fetch-Dest&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;empty&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Sec-Fetch-Mode&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;cors&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;Sec-Fetch-Site&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;same-origin&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&quot;X-Requested-With&quot;</span>: <span class="string">r&quot;XMLHttpRequest&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">VPN_url = <span class="string">r&#x27;https://webvpn.hfut.edu.cn/&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">get_captcha_id</span>(<span class="params">page</span>):</span></span><br><span class="line">    xpath = <span class="string">r&#x27;//*[@id=&quot;captcha-wrap&quot;]/div/div/input/@value&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">    page.encoding = page.apparent_encoding</span><br><span class="line">    selector = html.fromstring(page.text)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> selector.xpath(xpath)[<span class="number">0</span>]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">VPN_session = requests.Session()</span><br><span class="line">data = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&#x27;auth_type&#x27;</span>: <span class="string">r&#x27;local&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&#x27;username&#x27;</span>: <span class="string">r&#x27;填用户名&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&#x27;sms_code&#x27;</span>: <span class="string">r&#x27;&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&#x27;password&#x27;</span>: <span class="string">r&#x27;填密码&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&#x27;captcha&#x27;</span>: <span class="string">r&#x27;&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&#x27;needCaptcha&#x27;</span>: <span class="string">r&#x27;false&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="string">r&#x27;captcha_id&#x27;</span>: get_captcha_id(VPN_session.get(<span class="string">r&#x27;https://webvpn.hfut.edu.cn/login&#x27;</span>, headers=normal_headers))</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">res0 = VPN_session.post(VPN_url + <span class="string">r&#x27;do-login&#x27;</span>, headers=VPN1_headers, data=data)</span><br><span class="line">res1 = VPN_session.get(VPN_url, headers=VPN2_headers)</span><br><span class="line">res2 = VPN_session.get(VPN_url + <span class="string">r&#x27;user/info?_=&#x27;</span> + <span class="built_in">str</span>(<span class="built_in">int</span>(time.time() * <span class="number">1000</span>)), headers=VPN3_headers)</span><br><span class="line">print(res1)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<hr>
<h3 id="已弃坑"><a href="#已弃坑" class="headerlink" title="已弃坑"></a>已弃坑</h3><p>由于需求改变，现已经改用node.js实现，并已经完成绝大部分。</p>

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			<ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">目录</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-%E6%80%BB%E4%BD%93%E6%80%9D%E8%B7%AF"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">1.总体思路</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">2.网站分析</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95web%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">登录web系统</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95%E6%95%99%E5%8A%A1%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">登录教务系统</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E8%AF%BE%E8%A1%A8"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">获取课表</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%8B%E5%86%99%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">3.开始写代码</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B7%B2%E5%BC%83%E5%9D%91"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">已弃坑</span></a></li></ol>	
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